Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in history. It kills nearly all plants by inhibiting the EPSP synthase enzyme in the shikimate pathway - a metabolic process that exists in plants and microorganisms but NOT in animals. It is the active ingredient in Roundup and hundreds of generic products.
Nearly all annual and perennial weeds, grasses, broadleaf plants, and woody brush. Non-selective - kills virtually any green plant it contacts. Used for: driveway/patio weed control, fence line clearing, pre-planting field preparation, stump treatment, invasive plant management. Does NOT work as a pre-emergent - only kills actively growing plants.
Products and Brand Names
Roundup (Bayer/Monsanto - the iconic brand), Ranger Pro, Compare-N-Save Concentrate 41% Glyphosate, RM43 (with imazapyr for total vegetation control), Rodeo (aquatic-labeled formulation), Hi-Yield Super Concentrate, hundreds of generic 41% glyphosate concentrates.
Safety and Precautions
Low acute toxicity to mammals, birds, and fish. The active ingredient glyphosate has an excellent acute safety profile. However, the formulated products (especially those containing POEA surfactant) have higher toxicity than the active ingredient alone.
Cancer controversy: The IARC (WHO cancer research agency) classified glyphosate as a probable carcinogen (Group 2A) in 2015. However, EPA, EFSA, and most other regulatory agencies have concluded it is not likely carcinogenic at real-world exposure levels. This remains actively debated. Major litigation has resulted in billions in settlements. The science is genuinely uncertain at chronic low-dose exposures.
Pollinator note: While glyphosate does not directly kill bees, it kills flowering weeds that pollinators depend on for food. Broad herbicide use reduces pollinator habitat. Consider leaving some flowering areas unmowed/untreated.
Pro Tips
Application basics: Apply to actively growing weeds on a calm, dry day. No rain for 6 hours after application. Visible results in 7-14 days (it works slowly because it is systemic - traveling from leaves to roots). Do not mow for 7 days before or after application.
Concentration guide: For annual weeds: 1-2% solution. For perennial weeds (dandelions, quackgrass): 2-3%. For woody brush and stumps: 5-10%. Most consumer products are pre-diluted ready-to-use at appropriate concentrations.
The drift problem: Glyphosate kills ANY plant it contacts. Spray drift onto desirable plants, trees, and gardens is the number one complaint. Use a shield or cardboard barrier when spraying near valued plants. Never spray in wind above 5 mph. Foam markers help prevent overlap.
Non-selective means NON-SELECTIVE: It will kill your grass, your flowers, and your vegetable garden just as effectively as it kills weeds. For lawn weed control, use selective herbicides (2,4-D, dicamba) that kill broadleaf weeds but spare grass.
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Follow the product label. Keep pets out of treated areas until completely dried (2โ4 hours for sprays). Once dry, treated surfaces pose minimal risk to dogs and cats.
Q: Can I use glyphosate indoors?
No โ this is an outdoor-only herbicide.
Q: How long does glyphosate last after application?
Residual varies by formulation, surface type, weather, and UV exposure. Indoor applications last longer than outdoor. Check the product label for re-application intervals.
Q: What should I do if exposed?
Remove contaminated clothing, wash skin with soap and water. For eye contact, rinse 15โ20 minutes. For ingestion or severe symptoms, call Poison Control (1-800-222-1222). Have the product label available.
๐ Safety Data Sheet (SDS)
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Glyphosate Herbicide โ Safety Data Sheet
View the official SDS document for this product directly on the CDMS label database.
Did you know? Glyphosate was first synthesized in 1950 by a Swiss chemist but its herbicidal properties were not discovered until 1970 by Monsanto scientist John Franz. It has been applied to more acres of farmland than any other pesticide in history. Over 250 million pounds are used annually in the US alone.
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Reviewed by Derek GiordanoContent reviewed by a licensed pest management professional. Last reviewed: April 2026.